Sunday, 2 April 2017

Cinema



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Assignment Topic :  Cinema
Name: Ravi Rajyaguru

Roll no.26
M.A. Semester: 4
Enrolment No.: PG15101032
Year: 2015- 17
Paper no.:15
Submitted to: Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University




The cinema involves a critical place in present day life. In each vast city, there are a few cinema houses, while even the littlest town can gloat of maybe a couple. Portable cinema houses now reach even the remote towns. Youthful and old, men and ladies, all jump at the chance to appreciate a photo. In enormous urban areas, thousands might be seen each night going to appreciate a cinema appear. There is another meaning of cinema that it is a medium that reflects the genuine disposition of the general public and furthermore that evolving reality. Movies mean the specific motion pictures that we see with every one of the components they contain and film implies a portion of the methods made conceivable just by film innovation which recognize film.

What is a Cinema?

"A cinema is a theater where movies are appeared to people in general. A building comprising of a few cinema corridors is known as a multiplex."

·       Cinema is an impression of society, both present and past.
·       Cinema is a type of correspondence.
·       Cinema effective vehicle for culture, instruction, relaxation and purposeful publicity.

Cinema is a decent medium for amusement. Cinema is most likely one of the marvels of the present age. Silver screen is a cinema i.e.… a story and so on recorded as set of moving pictures to be appeared on screen of a theater house and TV. It is a channel of expression and correspondence. The cinemas one of the most essential developments of current science.

Cinema has been one of the best impacts in our cutting edge life, and it's additionally a type of craftsmanship, the seventh workmanship alongside photography, design, writing, play, painting and music. It's the mix of innovation, business, diversion and style ,each and everything of these four has critical part in present day world and it's likewise unmistakable in the variety of its frames, Cinema is innovation, motion picture is the business and excitement, and cinema is the feel.

Beginning of Indian Cinema :

In the Year 1913 Raja Harishchandra by Dadasaheb Phalke was the main noiseless component cinema made in India. Raja Harishchandra cinema was motivated from the tale of Mahabharata. The cinema had titles in Hindi and English, and was discharged on May 3, 1913 at the Coronation Cinema in Mumbai.

The primary group of onlookers to encounter a moving cinema did as such in 1895. The cinema, by the Lumiere siblings was called "Specialists leaving the Lumiere Factory (1895)" Their cinema "Prepare Entering the Gare de Ciotat (1895)" made individuals black out with dread as the prepare lingered from the screen into the theater assembly hall. These movies did not convey a story or account they only demonstrated a moving picture on the screen.

The main Indian sound cinema, Ardeshir Irani's Alam Ara (1931), was a noteworthy business achievement. 1930 Achhut Kaniya,  which means 'Untouchable Maiden'. Incredible Movie This presented the well known performing artist, Ashok Kumar from Bhagalpur, Bengal, whose full name was Sanjay Ashok Kumar Ganguly. The main female part, as the untouchable lady, was played by Devika Rani, spouse of the maker, Himanshu Rai, and joint proprietor with him of Bombay Talkies. The Indian Masala cinema—a slang utilized for business movies with melody, move, sentiment and so on., came up taking after the second world war. The parcel of India taking after its freedom partitioned the country's advantages and various studios went to the recently shaped Pakistan. The strife of segment would turned into a persisting subject for cinema making amid the decades that taken after. The principal utilization of movement in motion picture was 1899. By 1914, coherence in cinema was the built up method of business silver screen. Kisan Kanya was a 1937 Hindi element cinema coordinated by Moti B. Gidvani. It is generally recollected by the Indian open by virtue of it being India's first indigenously made shading cinema.

There are many languages in India. So they all have cinema in their own language. Just look it out in the following image.



Types of Cinema :

Commercial Cinema:

The points of Commercial Cinema to giving diversion to the people. It incorporate the elements of famous silver screen star high spending plan, plenitude of music, melody and move. It for the most part turns to phantasy to give diversion to individuals. For instance, movies like Sholay, Muqhddar Ka Sikandar and so forth,
 Art Cinema:

The Art Cinema is more practical and pertinent in the requirements of individuals and society. This shape is not extremely well known. It is additionally called 'parallel silver screen' 'elective silver screen' or 'New standard of business film'. Their prevailing component were their social concern, deliberateness, authenticity, story style, rejection of inconsequential melodies, moves and battles and other well known gadgets of business bundle.
Documentary Films:

Narrative is a thought or subject uses the sensible material with a specific end goal to sensationalize its thought, it recounts its straightforward story as far as creatures and human interests. Some of the time can be displayed in school, town and work regions through versatile vans so that various kids can take points of interest of these this film.
Impact of cinema :

Indian Cinema is satisfying the evolving reality. Society and Cinema are recreate of each other. We Indians are more influenced by Television and Silver screen. The youngsters and youth who attempt to copy what we find in the films. twentieth century has numerous logical creations to its credit; The Cinema possesses an essential place among them. In our general public there are many practices and customs which depend on numbness and which have withheld the advance of our general public.
To wind up :


Cinema is a decent medium for excitement. Cinema is probably one of the marvels of the present age. There is not really a man who is not attached to the CINEMA. In the twentieth century, Indian cinema, alongside the Hollywood and Chinese cinema ventures, turned into a worldwide undertaking. Indian silver screen has ended up an a vital part of our every day life whether it is a territorial or a Bollywood motion picture. It has a noteworthy part to play in our general public. In spite of the fact that excitement is the watchword of Indian cinema it has much greater duty as it effects the brain of the gatherings of people.


Critical note on Waiting for the Barbarian by John Maxwell Coetzee



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Assignment Topic Critical note on Waiting for the Barbarian by John Maxwell Coetzee


Name: Ravi Rajyaguru

Roll no.26
M.A. Semester: 4
Enrolment No.: PG15101032
Year: 2015- 17
Paper no.:14
Submitted to: Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University




John Maxwell Coetzee is an author, writer, language specialist, interpreter and beneficiary of the Nobel Prize in Literature. He composes numerous books. It was picked by Penguin for its arrangement Great Books of the twentieth century and won both the James Tait Black Memorial prize and Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize for fiction. It is initially distributed in 1960. His first work of fiction was Dusklands written in 1974.The second one is Waiting for Barbarian in 1980. "Holding up for the Barbarians" is a novel distributed in 1980. "Waiting for the Barbarians" is about profound quality and it manages human brutality. The title is from a tone from the Greek post "Constantine P. Cavafy". The story was about nonexistent Domain.

Main characters:

The Magistrate :

The Magistrate is the story's first person storyteller. He is an executive of a domain having a place with an anonymous empire; he admits to his apathy, his affection for youthful local young ladies, and his fulfilment with the old methods for colonialism, despite everything he develops as a honourable and thoughtful character. He looks for some criticalness in his own particular squandered life. The Magistrate speaks to all men and ladies who confront not just their characteristic shortcomings be that as it may, the strengths of totalitarianism.
Colonel Joll :

Colonel Joll was an authority in the strange Third Bureau and an arm of the Civil Guard. He was made to ensure the domain, which is debilitated by barbarians.
Unnamed young lady :

Barbarian young lady blinded and disabled by the Third Bureau, she is cleared out behind by her kin and taken in by the Magistrate. A whore she lives and works in the hotel, went to by the Magistrate. Two recruits and a guide they set out with the Magistrate to give back the young lady to her kin, they give declaration against him to the Third Bureau.

Themes :  
    
 An exploration of an idea of barbarism:

Coetzee utilizes his awesome expertise to underline the incongruity in these last lines. The barbarians those dangers the towns are never observed, the "ludicrous detainees" brought back by the Third Bureau are degraded and silly. We are never conveyed up close and personal with the adversary, who can sidestep the Empire‛s reach. The people‛s requirement for the barbarian is discernable. When we see or read ballad by Cavafy we come to think about the sonnet that the sonnet is investigates the need of the "other" to the capacity and exercise of majestic power.

Theme of Violence :

Coetzee speak to both kind of savagery physical and also mental. Sitting tight for the Barbarians denote a discernable change in Coetzee's treatment of savagery as in dissimilar to in Dusk arrives here Coetzee diverts his consideration from the culprits to the casualties of torments and to the observer of barbarities who don't endure themselves yet who are debilitated by the brutality of others. the novel Coetzee shifts center of his enthusiasm from the torments to the results of their forcefulness the effect savagery has on the persecuted and on the individuals who are not specifically subjected to mercilessness but rather who know about persecution of others. Coetzee deliberately utilized the word savagery since it has its own significance the essential question is about the significance of brutality for a person, that is the way a distinctive individual come to comprehend brutality all alone terms.

Power

We can see the topics like Power in this novel since when we read the novel we get sensitivity for the general population who were savages as per other individuals who administered over them the general population were tormented and slaughtered by the empire‛s individuals the third authority were needs to ruled over the general population and they needs to control The Magistrate has control over the officers and regular citizens, and the Colonel has control over the Magistrate, as with any chain of command. In this story, power is specialist.

Torture

Torture was utilized on the "barbarians and furthermore on the Magistrate. Be that as it may, the Realm did not know who was who where the wilderness was concerned. Colonel Joll cross examined the old man and his grandson in the start of the book utilizing torture.

Symbolism :

This novel is rich in image and significance. Among them the development of the seasons, the season of nature, set in directed resistance toward the season of mankind's history. The novel starts in late summer, during a period of collect and abundance and finishes at the skirt of winter, and the finish of human progress as known by the town‛s occupants. Indeed, even in the earliest reference point the blankness that debilitates is presented in a fantasy theme, which suspects the books last pages also as the barbarian young lady.

 The realm: The domains speak to power that doesn't require that the individuals who serve it adore others however just perform obligations.

Barbarians Tribes: According to gossipy titbits barbarian tribes have been outfitting and the realm would need to utilize measures to counteract war.

 Square: the square can be seen from the Magistrate‛s window. Furthermore, he can see detainees landing from that point.

 Third Bureau: The third Bureau is portrayed as an unsleeping gatekeeper of the Empire being an investigative office.

“Waiting for the Barbarians” as an allegorical novel

It was proposed as a symbolic assault on politically-sanctioned racial segregation South Africa. Judge (storyteller) – a sort of every one of the an official against and Colonel Joll, A youthful savage lady. In Coetzee's words Waiting for the Barbarians is a novel about "the effect of the dungeon on the life of a man of inner voice". Hero challenge social uncalled for to Empire, however regardless he takes a gander at the savages as an unsafe tribe. The character of barbarians were respected as just "others". Officer relates that, There is no lady living along the outskirts who has not longed for a dim Barbarian hand. No man has not terrified himself with dreams of the barbarians cutting loose into his home breaking the plates, setting flame to the window ornaments, assaulting his girls.

 It is against the picture of the dim barbarian that Eurocentric societies have developed their delicate feeling of human progress and character. The defenders are left in the leave. Returning to of the novel today gives us a pressing requirement for political recuperation of our regular mankind. The novel is a sort of wrangle about that the locals are human or creature being.

Silence in “Waiting for the Barbarians”

This novel for the most part in view of "quiet" or "imperialism" or 'Neocolonialism'.
This current novel's underlying foundations is in the lyric of 'C. P. Cavafy' composed a similar title with lyric 'Waiting for the Barbarians' In which all individuals are "Holding up" for the Barbarians'. Yet, subsequent to putting this sort of word essayist and artist both of plays chess with readers. Edward Said's Concept of "Orientalism" additionally supportive to comprehend the "Quiet" of this novel, as

            Orient >Native
              Occident >Western

Postcolonial Analysis of J.M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians

Coetzee is delicate and unwavering to the provincial history of his local nation. This affectability has driven Coetzee to discuss the general battle between the mistreated and oppressor as a fundamental topical point of view in his accounts. In postcolonial composing, he legitimizes the position of the other by uncovering the harmed and distorted South African life under politically-sanctioned racial segregation.

Keeping in mind the end goal to demonstrate its position as a predominant and edified country and culture, Empire endeavors to approve the presence of the local tenants of the zone. Truth be told, since the savages are being anticipated at whatever time and wherever in the town, in each announced assault or instance of assault or ravaging, they are instantly reprimanded for the unlawful act guilt, wrongdoing or theft without, any proof. At the point when the officer is sent to jail, a trooper talks about them as: "Barbarians. They remove some portion of the bank over yonder what's more, overflowed the fields. Nobody saw them".

 The Magistrate's association with the visually impaired and faltering barbarian young lady can be comprehended and perused as a major aspect of a frontier story of which sexual dreams towards the other and dread from the other are part. The halfway "dutiful" connection between the Magistrate and the brute young lady "turns into a illustration for the connection amongst colonizers and colonized under the Realm, and here and there sexual implications".

 The Magistrate's end, however vague and unpromising, is by all accounts moral as in he is presently progressing nicely of resistance and hunt for flexibility. Toward the finish of the novel and in its last part, the entire place transforms into a wreck as the colonizer loses control and the fighters themselves transform into criminals. The Magistrate declines to leave the place and chooses to tell reality.

Conclusion :


"Waiting for the Barbarians" can likewise be censured as savagery on ladies. The ladies were minimized by tribe individuals and by power demonstrate the dull side of the time. So we can say that this novel is in regards to human viciousness what's more, the holding up which never closes.


Is ' The Da Vinci Code ' objective about the mysteries it presents, or is this novel, as many have claimed written as a diatribe against the Church ?


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Assignment Topic :  Is ' The Da Vinci Code ' objective about the mysteries it presents, or is this novel, as many have claimed written as a diatribe against the Church ?



Name: Ravi Rajyaguru

Roll no.26
M.A. Semester: 4
Enrolment No.: PG15101032
Year: 2015- 17
Paper no.:13
Submitted to: Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University





Readers of historical books have a desire that what is composed about characters and establishments will regard verifiable truths or, at any rate, not be add up to manufacture. Similarly, great sci-fi essayists mean to suspect future revelations and technological applications. They don't design machines that basically contradict logical laws. Be that as it may, an as of late developing type of narrating - which we can say 'religious philosophy fiction' - at times neglects to accomplish any comparing level of objectivity.

 Brown him self cultivated these deceptions by putting toward the start of his content a page in expanded print entitled 'Fact'. These "Facts" incorporate statements that every one of the portrayals of fine art, design, documents and mystery ceremonies in the novel are precise, and that the 'Priory of Sion' is a genuine association.

The 'Da Vinci Code' is mystery-detective novel by Dan Brown.The major interest of Brown's novel is development of significant puzzles, both anecdotal and chronicled. 'The Da Vinci Code' surely can be translated as an offense to the Roman catholic church.

Da Vinci Code and other books distort early Church history. Among the questions raised are:

Was Jesus married to Mary Magdalene ?

Virtually all scripture scholars are of the view that Jesus was not married at all. On the cross Jesus made provision for his mother and the disciple John. He showed no special concern for Mary Magdalene even though she was present. Moreover, Jesus advo cated celibacy for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Why would he issue such a demanding call and then not live it out himself? Religious celibacy was not only accepted within first century Judaism, but highly respected - for example in the Qumran community. Nowhere in gnostic literature is it asserted that Jesus was mar ried. True, there is one passage in the Gospel of Philip which is repeatedly quoted as implying a sexual relationship between Jesus and the Magdalene (square brackets indicate gaps in the manu script): 'And the companion of the [...] Mary Magdalene. [... loved] her more than [all] the disciples, [and used to] kiss her [often] on her [...].' However, even Pagels acknowledges that 'if you read the rest of the Gospel of Philip, many scholars think the sexual language there suggests a mystical union, not literal.'

Did Jesus intend the Magdalene to lead his Church ?

According to DVC Jesus intended Mary Magdalene to be the leader of his Church, specifically in the mission of integrating the 'sacred feminine' into human life and consciousness. Mary lost out in the power struggle that followed Jesus' death. Her memory was suppressed, her reputation besmirched by the apostles and their successors. In reality, if early Church leaders had wanted to suppress the Magdalene's memory, they would have removed the evidence from their gospels that she had the crucial role of first witness to the resurrection. In addition she was held in veneration by Church Fathers. Hippolytus even described her as a 'female apostle'. The historical truth is that Jesus selected twelve male apostles to spearhead his mission. Had later Church leaders invented this group, would they have chosen to put Judas Iscariot among them, thereby suggesting that Jesus' choice was problematic?

It sends a standout amongst the most traditional components of the work of art riddle sort just to reject it quickly, the novel starts with a slaughterer in the second chapter.The focal puzzles in the novel are the reasons behind Sauniere' s kill and the conceivable association included , the importance of different pieces of information and conundrums.

Now a very important part of the novel is the historical mysteries. There are many questions like

·        What is the History of the priory of sion and who were its individuals ?

·        Was Leonardo da vinci attempting to impart shrouded message in his works of art?

·        What part did Mary Magdalene play in Jesus' life ?

·        What was the genuine part of Constantine in molding Christianity's future ?

The responses to these verifiable questions rely on upon verifiable confirmation, or writings composed by the individuals who were successful. The book plays upon the conceivable thought that what is called history might be an fake development of genuine occasions. Force of the Roman catholic church fundamental all through the books is the force of the vetican and Roman Catholic Church on the overall stage.

Through their exploration, Robert Langdon and Sir Teabing have learned ,and talk about various time all through the book, how the congregation has smothered reality about Mary Magdalene.

They talk about how the congregation, all through history, has smothered reality throughout decrees and even brutality. This episode is one of that underlines the Teacher's thought process for discovering Grail.

He trusts that the congregation had influenced Sauniere and the administration of the Priory of sion to keep concealing reality about Jesus and Mary Magdalene . So he volunteers look to uncover the Blessed Grail himself. The power and impact or Catholic organizaions, for example, Opus Dei, likewise appear the force of chapel.

Horrendous about the killings of the Fraternity and offers the casualties' families money; the congregation itself was wanting to isolate from Opus Dei and bring its rehearses more in the know regarding present day society.

Also, before Silas dies, he feels monstrous peace considering God a god of pardoning, a sentiment consolation that into a case of a man who has been safeguarded by his confidence.

In the introduction of the subjects that have been examined by antiquarians, such as the missing Gospels, the Marriage of Jesus, and the slaughtering of Pagans by the church, the novel looks at issues that challenge the recorded specialist of the church. Many issues that history specialists consider controvoresial are displayed as certainty. whenever Langdon and Teabing tell Sophie about the blood lines of Mary Magdalene,they don't reveal to her that it is simply a hypothesis , not an acknowledged reality.

Toward the finish of novel, Sophie finds that she is a descendent of Jesus , a plot bend that recommends that each hypothesis introduced in the novel is true. But the Da Vinci Code doesn't paint totally negative photo of the church.

To total up...we can state that " The Da Vinci code' objective about the secrets it presents. This novel the same number of have asserted composed as a diabribe against the church. Here Dan Brown very wonderfully presents the story with secrets and present the history very uniquely.



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My presentations sem-4



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1 ) Paper no 13 : The New Literature
     Title        : Themes in The Da Vinci Code





Themes in The Da Vinci Code from rajyagururavi



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2 ) Paper No 14 : The African Literature
          Title         : The Grain of Wheat as a national epic of anti-colonial struggle.


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A Grain of Wheat as a national epic of Anti-colonial struggle. from rajyagururavi


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3) Paper No 15: Mass media and Communication
         Title        : Benefits or Importance of Advertisements.


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Saturday, 19 November 2016

My presentations : Semester 3


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Paper no 9 : The Modern Literature.

Topic         : Symbolism in The Waste Land.




Symbolism in The Waste Land from rajyagururavi


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Paper no 10 :  The American Literature.

Topic           :  Mourning Becomes Electra as a Greek tragedy.


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Mourning Becomes Electra as a Greek tragedy. from rajyagururavi


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Paper no 11 : The Postcolonial Literature.

Topic           :  A Tempest as a post-colonial play.


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A Tempest as a Post-colonial play. from rajyagururavi




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Paper no 12 : ELT

Topic           : English in India from a socio-cultural dimension

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Wednesday, 16 November 2016

Teaching of English for Science and technology in Indian conditions.


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Assignment topic:   Teaching of English for Science and technology in Indian conditions.              

Name: Ravi Rajyaguru

Roll no:.26
M.A. Semester: 3
Enrolment No.: PG15101032
Year: 2015- 17
Paper no.:12

Submitted to: Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University




This article has concentrated on the significant downsides of showing EST in India, Needs of a learner, Structure of Technical English and Teaching materials, Expertise and preparing and so on… . R.S.Sharma has highlighted numerous downsides because of which showing EST in India endures like... Courses and techniques are random to the particular needs of the understudies. The instructors are badly prepared, showing materials are not in view of an investigation of the logical sub enrol.

Teaching of EST in Indian conditions by R.S Sharma

The term EST was given by R.S.Sharma through his research work. English is global language and that is why we will find English language all most in every field. There are many languages, English is used prominently in the field of science and technology.

What is science and technology?

Science is a methodical endeavor that manufactures and sorts out learning as testable clarifications and forecasts about the world. Innovation is the making, utilization and learning of devices, procedures ,specialties, frameworks or techniques for association so as to take care of an issue or fill some need.

What is EST?

As learner and components of specialized English taken harder will empower us to layout obviously the materials and techniques use in science and specialized understudies. Instructing of EST in India experiences some genuine disadvantages. The course and techniques are disconnected to the particular scholarly and expert needs of the science understudy. In 1977, it was understood that the issues of English for exceptional objects were to a great extent unrecognized this nation. Wherever important in IIT's, designing or farming understudies in part, procedures and setting of real topic of which territory course and showing English techniques.

What is need of EST?

The learner's profile would recommend that the understudy, who has been admitted to the FY of B.Sc. then again B.Tech course thought a confirmation content, has insight and achievement over the normal. General English, informative ability in English, restorative work, dialect recreations and mechanical learning have learn with comprehension. Along these lines, here essential need is a capacity to assemble logical information found in course readings and logical diaries and research of English dialect. It is likewise to be noticed that English is a moment dialects for the learner and native language is one of the local dialects which is the medium of correspondence in about all circumstances aside from classroom and research facility.

Perusing and understanding of specialized writings written in English.

Writing of technical English.

Since most of the teaching material in the form of video & computer software is being produced in English as standard spoken English can’t be totally neglected.


NEED ANALYSIS:

Require examination is major to an EAP way to deal with outline the course and instructing technique. In this John Munby's model could serve as great guide, in his work "Informative Syllabus outline he has given exceptionally accommodating and far reaching need investigation technique to recognize the requirements of the learner. In his article 'Distinguishing the way of the learner's need' R.Mackay(Mackay, 1978) has talked about in detail the techniques for poll and organized meeting for get-together fundamental data.

V. Chandra Sekhar Rao an educator from understood college of Hyderabad has done research on "English for Science and Technology: A Learner Centered Approach". He has gathered information from his own particular work put he gathered information for his exploration paper utilized utilizing both subjective and quantitative methodologies and the examination discoveries are talked about with the unmistakable information gathered from the Questionnaires, Interviews and Classroom Observations. The survey information were accumulated from 180 members (120 B.Tech understudies, 30 instructors of EST and 20 educators of specialized subjects) had a place with various Engineering Colleges partnered to JNTU, Hyderabad. What's more, discoveries of his exploration are as beneath.

Needs Analysis Questionnaire to Students uncovers that understudies of Engineering and innovation have perceived English:

·        As skilloriented one and given importance to its basic language skills and subskills and their priority such as: 1.Listening 2.Speaking, 3.professional Speaking, 4. Grammar, 5. Reading, and 6. Professional Writing.

·        The teachers of English in Engineering Colleges need a special set of competencies than those of the General English teachers.

·        The EST Teachers to be facilitators, knowing the strategies of modern class room teaching and providing a lot of activities in the classroom and making them active participants.

·       Phonetics should be taught for correct pronunciation, equipping with latest technology and multi -media software.

·       From the above analysis it is clear that the students of the science and technology views English as a tools of communication, of opportunity, they are more interested in subjective English rather than general English. They need it to comprehend the course books which are in English they need it to write answer in English, and some time what happens that they give more importance to writing, and that results in incompetency in oral communication, and thus unable to get employment, which is in a way loss to our nation at large.

·       Another need analysis which is done by R.S.Sharma a researcher from Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, he has done need analysis of the students who have passed entrance test and admitted to first year of B.SC or B.Tech. He had used entrance test itself as need analysis, and below are some conclusion that can be skimmed.

·        Learner posses intelligence above average

·       Learner has basic knowledge of general English though there is need of some improvements

·        Learner wants to learn with understanding

·        His chief concern for next three to four years will be academic

·        His basic need is an ability to gather scientific knowledge found in text books and science journal which were written in English.

·        Other need is to be able to communicate in classroom, laboratory, college and in university he/she needs English language t communicate.
The above analysis clearly points out that students of science and technology when they enter in the college they need two competency. They are,

·        Reading and comprehension of technical texts written in English

·        Writing of technical English in exam and in report writing, where speaking is not that much important.

In this paper, R. S. Sharma has focused upon the “needs of students”. English language for science and technology requires advanced vocabulary and good materials. Most of the Indians have not good command over English language because it is second language for them and when it becomes necessary to learn English, it requires good materials and proper methodology.

             Science and Technology has an alternate dialect than we have in our everyday correspondence, there is an immense contrast between specialized English dialect and typical English. There are numerous confinements of English dialect in India, first we have L1 and L2 clashes, second is not utilizing legitimate English dialect or we can state Indian variant of English, English has constantly regarded as a dialect of "need" as opposed to learning.

There are numerous impediments of English in scholastics additionally, similar to, educators are not utilizing English legitimately or they have insufficient learning of English and that is the reason that understudies are not ready to convey appropriately.

Fundamentally specialized English is situational assortment utilized for correspondence "in methodical way of specific branch of information relating nature and conditions in life. It is formal and goal in style. The specialized composition is hence identified with the law or logic as to Electronics or biology(R.S.SHARMA, 1985). We are here worried with sub registers which is utilized for standard correspondence as a part of science and innovation. What's more, this can be a􀆩ended at the level of

Register: lexical and grammatical structural features.
Discourse: the effect of communicative context, the relation between text and its writer/readers
Genre: how language is used in particular setting, such as texts, journal and lectures in classroom.
Let’s see some parts of technical English, and Teaching Materials
Vocabulary: The most recognize trademark highlight of Technical English(TE), is Technical vocabulary, Words from Science and Technology for example Thermodynamics, transmitter, hydrogen, electron, and different instruments and process, gasses, devices and fixings and so on.

There are some recognizable words which, as Herbert has called attention to, make much trouble since they are utilized as a part of both specialized and additionally non specialized implications, for example, words are, plant, bolster, stack, work and so forth these words we likewise use in everyday life, except when they are utilized as a part of specialized setting its significance will be changed. What's more, once in a while that make trouble in learner and instructors mind. Another element of the vocabulary said by him is the utilization of verbs, modifiers and qualifiers which are not particularly logical, but rather which has a place with diction of science: words like Extruder, Propagate, Obviate, and immaterial.


Conclusion:
              To strike these downsides, as a matter of first importance learners need ought to be recognized and the showing material, syllabus and showing style ought to be composed in like manner. An appropriate structure of Technical English and Teaching materials ought to be set. As indicated by R.S.Sharma, " The educator of EST who can arrange his work legitimately and insightfully, make the right sort of comments and solicit the right kind from inquiries will get a decent arrangement of science in course of instructing."

Work Cited:



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