Friday, 23 October 2015

Critical Appreciation of Paradise Lost Book IX

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Critical Appreciation of Paradise Lost Book  IX

Name: Rajyaguru  Ravi
Semester   : 01
Roll No      : 32
Paper No   : 1
Enrolment No: PG15101032
Email ID    : rajyagururavi24@gmail.com
Year            : 2015-17
Submitted To: Department Of English                     
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University








Introduction

                  John  Milton  was  born on 8  December  1608  and  died  on  8  November  1674. He was a  poet  ,prose, polemicist  and  civil  servant. He knows many language like Latin,French  and  German  etc. His  best  work  is  an  epic  poem  Paradise    Lost  written  in  blank  verse. Unfortunately, he  becomes  blind  after  the  age  of  40  but  steal  he  continued  writing  his  works. And  Paradise  lost  his  most  precious  work,  he  has  written  after  his  world  became black.
Milton began Paradise Lost in 1658 and finished in 1667. He wrote very little of the poem in his own hand, for he was blind throughout much of the project. Instead, Milton would dictate the poem to an amanuensis, who would read it back to him so that he could make necessary revisions. Milton's daughters later described their father being like a cow ready for milking, pacing about his room until the amanuensisarrived to "unburden" him of the verse he hadstored in his mind.

             Milton claimed to have dreamed much of Paradise Lost through the nighttime agency of angelic muses. Besides lending itself to mythologization, his blindness accounts for at least one troubling aspect of the poem: its occasional inconsistencies of plot. Because he could not read the poem back to himself, Milton had to rely on his memory of previous events in the narrative, which sometimes proved faulty. Putting its infrequent (and certainly minor) plot defects aside, Paradise Lost is nothing short of a poetic masterpiece. Along with Shakespeare's plays, Milton's Paradise Lost is the most influential poem in English literature as well as being a basis for or proof text of modern poetic theory.

         Now, we  start  here  discussion  on  Paradise  Lost. It  is  written  in  12  volumes .It  is  one  type  of  biblical  story. Here, we  only  talks  about  its  ninth  volume  which main  theme  is  Fall  of  Man.

Summary

           Here  Satan  who  is  banished  to  hell  wants  to  take  revenge  against  God  by  banishes  his  creation, humans  who  are  at  the   about the Garden  of  Eden .So, in  this  volume  Satan  goes  there  in  shape  of  serpent  to  tempt  human  kind. Raphel  already  warns  Adam  and  Eve  about  the  future. But,  Satan  by  his  words  tempts  Eve  to  eat  an  apple  which  God  denies  to  eat. Satan  tells  Eve  that  by  eating  that  apple  you  would  become  like  god  that’s  why  god  denied  you  to  eat . Then  he  further  tells  that  as  a  Serpant  he  can  speak  because  he  ate  that  apple  from  knowledge  tree. Then  Eve  eats  an  apple  and  with  a  fear  goes  to  Adam  and  tells  a  story. Adam  knows  that  Eve  has  not  done  the  right  thing  by  going  against  the  god. But as  he  loves  Eve  very  much, he  also  eats  an  apple  that  if  they  die,die together.

Characters



Satan

            Satan  is  the  major  character  of  paradise  Lost. He  is  also  known  as  Lucifer.He  was  also  a  part  of  heaven  serving  there  as  an  angel. But  he  believes  that  “ Better  to  reign  in  Hell  than  serve  in  Heaven”. As  he  wants  to  take  a  rebel  against  god  , he  decided to  tempt  his  beautiful creation  Mankind  and  he  does  so. Satan is one of God's favorite angels until his pride gets in the way and he turns away from God. Satan brings many of heaven's angels with him, however, and reigns as king in hell. He continues an eternal battle with God and goodness for the souls of human beings. Satan, at first, is an angel with a single fault, pride, but throughout the story he becomes physically and morally more and more corrupt.

Adam

            First created man, father of all mankind. Adam is created a just and ordered creature, living in joy, praising God. Lonely, Adam will ask for a companion and will thereafter feel deep and uncontrollable, though ordered, love for her, named Eve. This love will ultimately get Adam in trouble, as he decides to disobey God rather than leave her. Adam has free will and, by the end of the poem, also has the knowledge of good and evil.

He  alone  on  earth  so  demands  one  partner  to  give  him  a  company . God  creates  woman  to fulfill   his  demand. Adam  loves  Eve  very  much.  Here, Adam  is  heroic  figure  but  also  as  a  sinner  than  Eve, as  he  is  aware  that  what  he  is  doing  is  wrong.

Eve

First created woman, mother of all mankind. Eve is rather a fickle and vain woman, easily flattered by Adam and Satan. Her weakness becomes her downfall, as her vanity drives her to disobey God. She loves Adam as well, though the implication is that she loves herself much more.She  is  extremely  beautiful  creation  of  God.  She  is  tempted  by  Satan  to  eat  an  apple  which  god  has  denied. Then,  she  does  that  sin  and  Adam  also  follows  her  as  they  both  loved  each  other.

God

God  is  the  creator  of  universe  to  whom  Satan  tries  to  rebel. God  is  the  creator  of  Mankind. God  firstcreat  Adam  and  Eve. They  are  living  their  life  in  Garden  of  Eve  so  God  has  warned  them  don’t  eat  an  apple  from  one  tree.But  Adam  and  Eve  eat  that  so  god  become  angry  and  gives  them  punishments.

The Absolute, ruler of heaven, creator of earth and all of creation. God is all seeing, though he seems to pay less attention to things further away from his light. He is surrounded by angels who praise him and whom he loves but, when Satan falls and brings many of heaven's population with him, he decides to create a new creature, human, and to create for him a beautiful universe in the hopes that someday humans will join him in heaven. God has a sense of humor, and laughs at the follies of Satan and seems to be a firm and just ruler.


Major themes in “Paradise Lost”



Ø His Grand style

Ø In Modern times Milton’s style first received general criticism from T.S Eliot
Ø Eliot also points out about Milton’s style that

Ø Milton’s style in writing the Paradise Lost has beencalled a ‘grand style’, which means it is anelevated, serious, highly crafted, and different fromcommon speech. It is in fact so unfamiliar tocommon language, even the usual literary language, that Dr. Johnson accused Milton of‘pedantry’. The charge is basically based on hiswriting that was heavily Latinated. Indeed manycritics have complained that Milton spoilt theEnglish language. But in other ways he hascontributed to the development of the Englishlanguage as a literary language. Milton’s ‘grand’,style can be discussed under four or five heads:rhythm and music, word game and figures ofspeech, diction and decorum, syntax, and theremoteness and sublimit of language and theme.The meter or rhythm of Milton’s epic poem isusually called the blank verse, but it is not the common blank verse (lines in iambic pentameterwithout rhyme); Milton adapted it to his ownconvenience and purpose.

Ø  The lines in ParadiseLost do contain ten syllables usually, but the linescontain any number of stresses from three to eight.So, it would not be appropriate to say that this isdone by using traditional techniques of variation.Furthermore, the stresses differ in degree andposition. The pause or caesura is another evenmore important feature of rhythm in Milton. Thepause falls at different places of the lines, and theweight of different pauses is also different; there are light or shorter pauses and heavy or longerpauses give different effects to the narrative.

Ø Milton’s diction is heavily Latin. Even when heuses English words, they have the Latinconnotations beneath. The words are someticulously chosen that many critics have blamedhis diction as too labored. Milton somehow‘invented English that is extremely unfamiliar andpedantic. He uses words in such ways that thereare always both literal and symbolic meanings,with both English denotations and Latinconnotations. His descriptions are florid and highlypicturesque. He uses images to reinforce thetheme. He shifts tone along with the change ofdescription and setting. That usually helps himshift the emotional intensity, or avoid monotony.


“What he could do well he did better than anyone else has ever done, his poetry could only be an influence for the worse upon any poet”


Allusion and vocabulary

The first aspect of the grand style that most readers notice is the number of allusion and references like
Ø “Oreb”
Ø “The Shepherd”
Ø “Chosen seed”
Ø “Siloa’s Brook”





To wind up …..


So also Milton’s almighty considerate purely as a literary character, is unfortunately tinged with the narrow and literal theology of the time .in this magnificent heroism Milton has unconsciously immortalized the puritan spirit. Paradise Lost the least said the better but to the splendor of the puritan dreams and glorious melody of it ‘s expression no words can do justice .


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