Tuesday, 29 March 2016

Study of Poets : William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge

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          Study of Poets : William Wordsworth                  and Samuel Taylor Coleridge


                                        Name: Ravi Rajyaguru


Roll no.28
M.A. Semester: 2
Enrolment No.: PG15101032
Year: 2015- 17
Paper no.:5 (The Romantic Literature)
Submitted to: Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University



  v Introduction

The age of romanticism (1800-1850) it is the second creative period of English literature. Well, any age like, the age of Romanticism becomes famous because of creative writers. Wordsworth and Coleridge made this age by giving their fabulous works. We can say at some extent that Shakespeare has started romanticism in his age but after that no one has continued his effort. But the unity of Wordsworth and Coleridge gave soul to the Romanticism again. The age of Romanticism is known as the second creative period of English Literature. The poetry of this age was marked by intense human sympathy and a consequent understanding of the human heart. Wordsworth and Coleridge were the two great poets of Romanticism and it was by their joint effort that the romantic revival in poetry was brought about during nineteenth century. So let’s study William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge in detail. So, let’s discuss William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge in detail.

William Wordsworth a well- known romantic poet,  He was born at Cockermouth , Cumberland. He was a thirteen years old when his father died. So, some of his relatives took care of him and sent him to school at Hawkshed in the beautiful lake region. The age of romanticism It is the second creative period of English literature. It is known as an age of poetry and romantic enthusiasm.



Wordsworth and Coleridge both the poets were related with Romantic age both the poets were related with Romantic age both the poets were passionate and enthusiastic which was reflects into their poems.
Romanticism is the expression in terms of art of sharpened sensibilities and heightened imaginative feelings. Emotion and imagination are the bedrock of romanticism; imagination is the flight of sensibility. Romanticism stands for freedom and liberty, and has therefore been designated as “liberalism in literature”.

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH ( 17701850)

He was the exemplar of “plain living and high thinking.” He lived fairly humbly and insisted that he spoke for the common man, but he expressed the exalted. This humble yet exalted combination exemplified what became an enduring notion of what “the poet” is. He was seen as a great poet of nature, and he made the Lake District a tourist spot. Wordsworth was a close friend of, and worked and published with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Together they produced “a new style and a new spirit” in poetry. Later the two fell out.

"Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility."

In this definition of poetry there are two apparent contradictions. The "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" on one side and "emotion recollected in tranquility" on the other side are apparently two contradictory statements. "Spontaneous overflow" must be immediate and unrestricted without any interval of time between feeling and its expression. The expression "recollected in tranquility" would suggest intervention of time between feeling and its expression.

v His Major works

ü Expostulation and reply
ü The Thorn
ü The Tables Turned
ü Preface to the Lyrical Ballad
ü Three Years she Grew
ü I travelled among unknown men
ü Lucy Gray
ü Michael
ü Poems, in two Volumes
ü Resolution and Independence
ü I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud’ also known as “DAFFODILS”
ü Ode to Duty
ü London
ü Guide to the Lakes
ü To the Cuckoo
ü Ode: Intimation to Immortality
ü The Prelude


Wordsworth believes that poetry should contain events from real, common and everyday life while Coleridge believes that this feature is too limiting. Wordsworth believes that a poem should be spontaneous and that it should arise out of powerful emotions which are recollected in ecstasy or tranquility while Coleridge believes that poetry deals with the communication.
Wordsworth’s poetry is of stunning purity and power. One example that comes from the ‘Lucy’ poem included in later reprints of lyrical ballads. There is often a sense of disappointment when one read Wordsworth for the first time like Wordsworth’s Lucy.
v Wordsworth’s poems fall into three categories:


Wordsworth writes in a subjective style. He examines his state of mind or consciousness before attempting to write a creative work. This is largely why he fell in love in nature and became a nature worshipper. He believes in a primordial relationship between the mind of man and the nature around him. Coleridge on the other hand is quite objective. His works arise out of the factual and biographical antecedence that surrounds his life.



v Samuel Taylor Coleridge (17721834)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge was a poet, philosopher, and literary critic whose writings have been enormously influential in the development of modern thought. In his own lifetime, Coleridge was renowned throughout Britain and Europe as one of the Lake Poets, a closeknitgroup of writers including William Wordsworth and Robert Southey, who resided in the English Lake District.Coleridge was also known to many English readers as a talented prose writer, especially as the author of the Biographia Literaria (1817).

Ø Coleridge’s definition of a ‘Poem’
The difference between Poem and Poetry, Coleridge considers distinguishing poem from poetry. Coleridge points out that “poetry of the highest kind may exist without metre and even without the contradistinguishing objects of a poem”.He also assert that the poem of any length neither can be, nor ought to be, all poetry. Then the question is what poetry is? How is it different from poem? To quote Coleridge: “What is poetry? Is so nearly the same question with, what is a poem? The answer to the one is involved in the solution of the other. Thus the difference between poem and poetry is not given in clear terms. Even John Shawcross writes;

“This distinction between ‘poetry’ and ‘poem’ is not clear, and instead of defining poetry he proceeds to describe a poet, and from the poet he proceeds to enumerate the characteristics of the imagination”.

This is so because ‘poetry’ for Coleridge is an activity of the poet’s mind, and a poem is merely one of the forms of its expression, a verbal expression of that activity, and poetic activity is basically an activity of the imagination.

Coleridge was the master of narration verse. The Ancient Mariner is a fine example of narrative perfection. Coleridge went to the mediveal period for creating the atmosphere of magic and mystery. Wordsworth lived on the pain of common life concentrating on the life that he saw around. He did not leave the earth and his own times. The call of the middle Ages was not for Wordsworth, it was purely for Coleridge.

“Holds him with his gittering eye
The wedding Guest stood still
And listens like a three year's child:
The Mariner hath his will
The wedding Guest set on a stone
He cannot choose but hear"
The Rime of Ancient Mariner”

‘KUBLA KHAN’, written in 1798 but remained unpublished until 1816. His later poems wherein see his imagination bridled by thought may best appreciated in Kubla Khan and Christable. Kubla khan is a fragment painting a gorgeous oriental dream picture the whole poem came to Coleridge one morning when he had fallen asleep;.

"In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
A stately pleasure dome decree :
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
Through caverns measureless to man
Down to a sunless sea"

According to Coleridge, the poem is distinguished form prose compositions by its immediate object. The immediate object of prose is to give truth and that of poem is to please.


Ø Features of his poetry


Coleridge’s spontaneity is found in “Kubla Khan” the short poem he began under the influence of a narcotic dream. Coleridge in contrast, left in his chaotic wake a collection of fragments, short works, and prolegomena.
v Comparative Analysis:

·       In Wordsworth’s poem we find an imaginative record of the pastoral life as well as the pastoral beauties of place he lived in, this is not so in the case of well Coleridge. He lived in a world of his own thoughts and fancies, and did not take care of the external suggestions.
·       Wordsworth was a teacher throughout his life holding out moral lesson for the guidance of humanity. The teaching element in Coleridge's poetry is almost nominal. Coleridge was greater artist than Wordsworth and the claims of art were more on this poet than the climes of morality and teaching. In this respect he stands apart from Wordsworth.
·       Wordsworth did not have the high imaginative power which Coleridge had his poems of supernaturalism. The imaginative power of Wordsworth was on a lower level particularly because he had not to deal with themes of imaginative character, but was mainly concerned with the life of the simple people.
·       Wordsworth and Coleridge was that both of them always loved and appreciated nature Wordsworth saw the spirit of joy in nature and at least in the early poems of Coleridge the spirit of joy in nature represented.

v Conclusion

In short, Wordsworth believes in simplicity of diction and brought poetry to the level of the common speech of common life. Coleridge was the master of narrative verse. The Ancient Mariner is a fine example of narrative perfection. So with their so many differences and similarities Wordsworth and Coleridge are different in their writing in somehow.

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